causes of cyber crime research paper

Have a conversation with your child and help them make the right choices. Recently, software tools are being used to automate attacks. Making the Internet safer (and protecting Internet users) has become integral to the development of new services as well as government policy. There have been efforts to combat cybercrime by various organizations such as the United Nations, the European Union, the Council of Europe, and Interpol. Numerous techniques are being used by criminals of the 21st century to target sensitive data, recording the highest levels of fraud in history. DCMS: Cybersecurity breaches survey 2019. Mohammed I. Alghamdi, 2020, A Descriptive Study on the Impact of Cybercrime and Possible Measures to Curtail its Spread Worldwide, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY (IJERT) Volume 09, Issue 06 (June 2020), Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, A Review of the Major Source and Effect of Pollution in Inland Water Bodies of Nigeria, Analysis and Design of A Zero Voltage Transition Dc-Dc Boost Converter, Health Index Determination of Distribution Transformer, Automated Wild Animals Identification in Forest using Machine Learning and Forest Fire Alert System, Impact of Land use Land Cover Change on Runoff in Kuttiyadi River Basin, A Short Review on Biomass Production from Agricultural Wastes, Road Traffic Accident Analysis of Motorways in Pakistan, Design and Fabrication of Automated Scissor Jack, A Study of Magnetic Piston Repulsion Engine. The EU adopted a policy that allows the adoption of substantive legislative grounds to deal with cybercrime activities and the hiring of well-trained law enforcement personnel (Boes & Leukfeldt, 2016). They tend to go after Automated Teller Machines, credit cards, and online bank accounts. <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 5 0 R>> The evolution of Information Technology (IT) has brought about successful communication through the internet, thriving businesses, and global interaction through social media platforms. 7 0 obj The true cost of information security breaches and cybercrime. Cyber-Physical Security, 185-203. https://doi.org/10.1007/978- 3-319-32824-9_9. The United States laws define computer crime as a crime that utilizes or targets computer networks generally referring to viruses, worms, and DoS attacks. Consequently, this resulted in a wrongful prescription that led to the fatality of a patient in the hands of an innocent nurse. Today, Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are omnipresent and the trend towards digitization is growing. As discussed, cybercrime is regarded differently in various countries. As further discussed below, They are not intended to be representative of either the global development of cybercrime or of the true Extent of cybercrime at the national level, and are thus presented only to provide an insight into country Information. We also work with partners such as the National Cyber Security Centre, Get Safe Online and Cyber Aware to promote ways for the public and businesses to protect themselves online. 9 0 obj Keep all security software and operating systems updated (this can be set to update automatically). A good example of such destruction is in 2015 when an alleged Russian cyber attacker seized control of the Prykarpatnergo Control Center (PCC) in Western Ukraine. Cyber crime costs the UK billions of pounds, causes untold damage, and threatens national security. Hacking the hacker: Learn from the experts who take down hackers. Computer viruses, like human viruses, vary in their severity and can cause damages to software, hardware, and documents. Findings also indicate that a lot of cybercrime cases go unreported due to the fear of humiliation. <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 5 0 R>> On the other hand, Interpol, an organization that facilitates police officers across the world contributes significantly to the battle against cybercrime. Alsmadi, (2019) acknowledges that there is no clear definition of cybercrime in the academic milieu. Its researchers have continued to work together with scholars and IT specialists to. Facebook and TikTok. However, the growth of the information society is accompanied by new and serious threats. Another definition by Bernik, (2014) highlights cybercrime as illegal behavior that is carried out by electronic operations and seeks to target computer systems and data processed by the devices. Ethical hacking terminologies. There also exists an upward trend in the cases of cybercrime activities across the world. There has been numerous scholarly work in the past that has aimed at defining cybercrime through different phases of history and under various circumstances. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> They may pretend to offer victims investment opportunities upon which after some time they dazzle away with victims funds. additionally, the subgroup offers recommendations for its member countries to enact legislation that fortifies them against high technology criminal activities. Over the last two decades, unscrupulous cyber-tech users have continued to commit cyber dependent and independent crimes in sophisticated and unprecedented manners. Lastly, they delete logs and other details to avoid getting caught. The study was conducted purposively to elaborate and provide more knowledge on the concept of cybercrime and cybersecurity. Cyber crime is a global threat. In the first stage, the hacker attempts to find information about his target either actively or passively. In this situation, the perpetrators do not mind causing harm and destruction as long as their goals are accomplished. Such crimes may threaten a nation's security and financial health. The influence of ICTs on society goes far beyond establishing basic information infrastructure. The Lizard Squad is a black-hat-type of a hacker group that has been identified as an example for this study. This study discovered that conventional laws and policies are currently incapable of mitigating cybercrime cases. Most cyber attacks could be prevented by taking these basic security steps: For further advice on how to stay safe online please visit Cyber Aware, Get Safe Online or the National Cyber Security Centre. This development of the information society offers great Opportunities. (2013). Leading the UK's fight to cut serious and organised crime, NCA general enquiries or to verify an NCA officer, available 24/7, Bribery, corruption and sanctions evasion, Operation Stovewood: Rotherham child sexual abuse investigation, Intelligence: enhancing the picture of serious organised crime affecting the UK, Investigating and disrupting the highest risk serious and organised criminals, Providing specialist capabilities for law enforcement, Cyber Choices: Helping you choose the right and legal path, National Strategic Assessment of Serious and Organised Crime 2020, National Strategic Assessment of Serious and Organised Crime 2018, Hacking forum taken offline and UK suspect arrested, East London DJ ordered to give up nightclub equipment with suspected links to cyber fraud, Rise in school cyber crime attacks sparks NCA education drive, Hacking - including of social media and email passwords, Phishing - bogus emails asking for security information and personal details, Malicious software including ransomware through which criminals hijack files and hold them to ransom, Distributed denial of service (DDOS) attacks against websites often accompanied by extortion, Choose strong passwords and dont reuse them for multiple logins. T., S. (2016). Three main factors have supported the increasing number of hacking attacks: inadequate and incomplete protection of computer systems, development of software tools that automate the attacks, and the growing role of private computers as a target of hacking attacks. We focus on critical cyber incidents as well as longer-term activity against the criminals and the services on which they depend. Encyclopedia of Security and Emergency Management, 1- 7. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69891-5_80-1, Gupta, S. (2019). 1 0 obj 9.8 million from ATMs over a Labor Day weekend. Cyber crime continues to rise in scale and complexity, affecting essentialservices, businesses and private individuals alike. Germany, for example, estimated its own IP losses, from industrial espionage at $25- 50 Billion dollars, much of which is caused by weak internet security. It provides the perpetrator with remote access for the victims computer (Shea, 2012). For example in 2010 the Anonymous hacktivist group attacked Mastercard, Visa, and Paypal in retribution for stopping donations to WikiLeaks (Grispos, 2019). endobj (2017). Criminals and the technical infrastructure they use are often based overseas, making international collaboration essential. An anti-cybercrime strategy should be an integral element of a cybersecurity strategy. Cooperation is enhanced between member countries through the European Union Commission and its council. What are the factors facilitating the rapid increase of cybercrime? E-mails have displaced traditional letter, online web representation is nowadays more important for businesses than printed publicity materials; and Internet-based communication and phone services are growing faster than landline communications. The installation of protective measures can lower the risk, but successful attacks against well-protected computer systems prove that technical protection measures can never completely stop attacks. <> In a single example, A Russian gang took $. During this process, the system becomes overwhelmed and fails to perform normal tasks. The author conducted a survey covering a variety of internet users among them students, business persons, and bankers. If the computer system is connected to the Internet, offenders can try to access this information via the Internet from almost any place in the world. However, these developments are threatened by criminal activities in the worlds cyberspace. Australian laws acknowledge electronic crime as one that is conducted via computer, targets cyber tech, or uses it to store illegal material. Currently the level of sentencing at court is not commensurate with the seriousness of attacks, and this is an area which is ripe for consideration. the financial damage caused by cybercrime is reported to be enormous. The UN has in the past produced reports on measures to curb high technology and computer-related crime. In comparing cybercrime with the conventional crime, there is no much difference because both cause breaching of legal rules. 11 0 obj In this form of cybercrime, the fraudsters manually target recipients through texts that are sent out in bulk with the sender hoping to ploy unsuspecting victims into sharing their personal data. Similarly, the CoE is engaged in activities that endeavor to curb computer crime. Advances in Digital Crime, Forensics, and Cyber Terrorism, 85-92. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0193- 0.ch006. Academic Press. endobj DIANE Publishing. The demand for Internet and computer connectivity has led to the integration of computer Technology into products that have usually functioned without it, such as cars and buildings. Among the goals of the United Nations is to support economic development and the upholding of international law and security. Gareth Stevens Publishing LLLP. Investigating the relevance of the introduction of the Cybercrime and Cybersecurity Bill, 2017 in Zimbabwe. fixed lines or wireless) and any Internet service (e.g. The term cybercrime or computer crime is interpreted differently by various factions and jurisdictions across the world. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-4348-0_1. <>>> Grimes, R. A. However, past occurrences have proven that perpetrators may not always be after profit. Using the kit, criminals searched, encrypted documents on victims computers before asking them to pay thousands of dollars if they ever needed their originals back. There are three main types of hackers, according to Gupta, (2019). 4 0 obj The Rapid Growth of Cybercrimes Affecting Information Systems in the Global: Is This a Myth or Reality in Tanzania? Every day, there are new developments in malicious software and viruses that are developed across the world. Many Russian-speaking cyber groups are threatening UK interests, but home-grown cyber criminals are becoming more sophisticated and therefore a rising threat. From these definitions, it is clear that cybercrime occurs within a virtual space under which information concerning people objects, events, or facts fashioned in mathematical symbols and transferred through local and worldwide networks. At the hands of cybercriminals, victims lose private information, money, and even their characters. Research efforts must be boosted towards understanding criminal activity globally through international initiatives, legislation, and procedures. Krausz, M., & Walker, J. If the offender has access to more computers -e.g. A new initiative to divert young people away from criminality has been launched after cyber attacks designed to block access to schools networks or websites more than doubled during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is critical that a common classification of computer crimes be adopted by all nations globally. The G8 has also focused on combatting transnational organized crime. Cybercriminals may also act to be promoting deals that appear too good to be true. Notably, there exists a faction of cybercriminals known as hacktivists. IGI Global. Install security software such as anti-virus and two-factor authentication. <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 5 0 R>> Cyber security plays an important role in the ongoing development of information technology, as well as Internet services. The formulation and implementation of a national framework and strategy for cyber security thus requires a comprehensive approach.

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